hindmarshmedical

Food Poisoning: What do you need to know?

Mon, 29 Jan 2018 12:10:00 +0000

With summer beginning, and the advent of many shared meals, knowledge about food safety is important. This article will talk about how to avoid food poisoning, and what to do if you suspect you, or someone you know may have food poisoning.

What is food poisoning?

Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating contaminated foods, and affects a large number of Australians per year. Food poisoning can be cause by viruses, bacteria or parasites, with the most common cause being norovirus. Bacteria that can cause food poisoning include E. coli and Salmonella, but these are usually less common than viral causes.

How does food poisoning occur?

Food poisoning occurs when eating contaminated foods. Some high risk foods such as chicken and fish are well known, but food poisoning is not only caused by these. Contaminated foods will often look, taste and smell normal.

Some high-risk foods include:

Raw and cooked meat, including poultry such as chicken and turkey, and foods containing these, including casseroles, curries and lasagnaDairy products (ie: cheese, custard, cheesecakes and other desserts)Eggs and egg products (including quiche)Smallgoods (ie: ham, salami, mettwurst)Seafood (ie: seafood salads, platters, stews containing fish)Cooked rice and pastaPrepared salads (ie: coleslaw, pasta salads)Prepared fruit saladsPre-made/ready to eat food (ie: sandwiches, rolls, wraps and pizzas that contain any of the above listed foods)

Germs can arise in food in a number of ways, including:

Sick people who touch food before eating itGerms that live in or on food and can multiply and infect peopleGerms from one food can get on another food, when someone uses a knife or cutting board that has been used for other food

What can I do to prevent food poisoning?

The risk of contracting food poisoning can be reduced by following some simple steps:

Washing your hands after changing nappies, going to the bathroom, blowing your nose or taking out trash and before touching foodStaying at home from work or school until you are better if you are unwell

Paying attention to food safety:

Drinking unpasteurized milk or foods made with itWash fruits and vegetables well before using themKeeping your refrigerator or freezer at adequate temperaturesCooking meat or seafood until it is well doneCooking eggs until the yolk is firmWashing knives, cutting boards and utensils after being used to cut raw foodChecking use by dates on food prior to use

What increases my risk of food poisoning?

Certain groups of people are at a higher risk of food poisoning. These include:

Pregnant womenThe elderlyYoung childrenPeople with chronic illness

What are the symptoms of food poisoning?

The symptoms may vary depending on the cause and type of the illness. Some can occur immediately after eating, but it is also common for symptoms to arise a number of hours later and last from 24 hours to five days.

Symptoms include:

NauseaStomach crampsDiarrhoeaVomitingFeverHeadaches

How do I treat food poisoning?

Most cases of food poisoning will get better without medications. It is important to keep your fluids up to avoid dehydration.

Some cases caused by bacteria may require antibiotics, and in severe cases caused by any ‘bug’ (pathogen), people may require fluid via an IV line (a ‘drip’).

Please ask a medical professional prior to taking anti-diarrhoeal medications.

When should I see a doctor/seek medical attention?

You should seek medical attention if:

You have severe abdominal (stomach) painCannot eat or drinkHave blood in your bowel motionsVomit bloodHave a fever higher than 38oC

People in high risk groups (listed above), need to seek medical attention early in their illness as they are more susceptible to dehydration than the regular population.

References

Better Health Channel 2015, Food poisoning – prevention, Victorian Department of Health retrieved online 30/12/17, retrieved from < https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/food-poisoning-prevention >

Crowly K, Martin KA 2017, Patient Education: Food Poisoning (The Basics), UpToDate, retrieved online 30/12/17, retrieved from < https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/contents/food-poisoning-the-basics?search=dehydration&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

No warranties: The medical information on our website is provided without any representations or warranties, express or implied. Without limiting the scope above, we do not warrant or represent that the medical information on this website: will be constantly available, or available at all; or is true, accurate, complete, current or non-misleading.

Medical assistance: You must not rely on the information on our website as an alternative to medical advice from your doctor or other professional healthcare provider. If you have any specific questions about any medical matter, you should consult your doctor or other professional healthcare provider. If you think you may be suffering from any medical condition, you should seek immediate medical attention. You should never delay seeking medical advice, disregard medical advice or discontinue medical treatment because of information on our website.

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Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

When is it time to stop driving?

Tue, 09 Jan 2018 10:49:00 +0000

The decision for yourself, or an elderly relative to stop driving is difficult and it can be hard to determine an appropriate time. There is no set age for people to stop driving, although in South Australia medical assessments are required for various reasons. These include driving heavy classes of vehicles, or those who have a medical condition.

At the age of 75, you will be a sent a medical self assessment form to help determine your fitness to drive.

This article will discuss some warning signs to stop driving and what assessments may be required.

What are some reasons that people need to stop driving?

Many older people are able to safely drive into the 80s and 90s, but many have visual problems, hearing problems and slowed reaction times that can jeopardize their safety on the roads.

It is important to know that age alone is not a predictor if dangerous driving. The following are some risk factors that may affect the driving of any person:

Health conditions (ie: Parkinson’s, Dementia, heart conditions) Visual impairment (may be caused by cataracts, glaucoma or other conditions) Hearing impairment (most people experience some level of hearing impairment in their lifetime)

Prescription drugs (some drugs can cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurry vision and make driving a dangerous task) Alcohol use or abuse

How do doctors decide whether someone can continue driving?

A doctor may decide that someone is ‘unfit’ to drive through the following steps:

Talking to the person about their driving habits and medical conditions or medications Examining the person, including their vision and movement Check the person’s memory and thinking Discuss with other family members (it is important to remember that patient confidentiality cannot be broken, so if the person being assessed hasn’t given permission for their health to be discussed with other family members, this is not permitted)

Are there any conditions that can prevent driving for a short amount of time?

Some conditions result in people being unable to drive for a short amount of time. These include:

Heart attacks Fainting Strokes

Seizures Getting a device called an ‘implantable cardioverter-defibrillator’

In cases such as these, a specialist with work in conjunction with your GP to determine if/when you are fit to drive again. This may result in a license with restrictions, or a requirement to have ongoing medical assessments for a period of time.

When should I/my family member be assessed for driving?

Aside from the age and medical restrictions listed above, the following warning signs act as a good guide for a fitness to drive assessment:

Car insurance changes or traffic tickets/fines Damage to a car Reluctance to drive at night

Friend or family observations Driving observations, including:

Not fastening seatbelt Not sitting comfortably at the wheel Appearing tense, preoccupied or distracted

Awareness of traffic lights, signs and other motorists Tailgating or drifting into other lanes Slowed reactions to events on the road

These do not mean that your/your family member’s license will be instantly taken away, but are a good indicator of getting checked out by a GP.

What happens if I’m not able to drive?

If you have been advised by your medical practitioner to stop driving, it is important to listen to these instructions, as driving when you have been advised not to can put yourself or others in danger.

Be sure to discuss your options with your GP and family members, and support may be provided by community groups to help with transport and shopping.

Please book an appointment with one of our GPs to discuss fitness to drive and any questions you may have about this topic.

References

Crowly K, Martin KA 2017, Patient Education: Time to Stop Driving? (The Basics), UpToDate, retrieved online 30/12/17, retrieved from < https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/contents/time-to-stop-driving-the-basics?search=patient%20education&source=search_result&selectedTitle=7~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=7 >

Department of Planning, Transport and Intrastructure 2017, Medical Fitness to Drive, Government of South Australia, retrived online 30/12/17, retrieved from < https://www.sa.gov.au/topics/driving-and-transport/drivers-and-licences/drivers-licence/medical-fitness-to-drive >

Matthiessen C, date unknown, When to stop driving, Caring.com, retrieved online 30/12/17, retrieved from < https://www.caring.com/articles/when-to-stop-driving >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Diabetes: What do you need to know?

Sat, 30 Dec 2017 10:37:00 +0000

What is diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a condition where the body is unable to maintain the levels of blood sugar in the body. There are 3 main types:

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas (an organ near the stomach) is unable to produce enough of the hormone insulin, which controls the level of sugar in the body. Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in younger people, as is often known as insulin dependent diabetes, or juvenile diabetes. This type of diabetes is treated with insulin replacements, via multiple injections per day

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the cells in the body that require sugar (and insulin to help move the sugar into the cell) are resistant to insulin. This means the sugar cannot be taken into the cells, and causes a high level of sugar in the blood. This type of diabetes is more common in older people, overweight people and physically inactive people. Type 2 diabetes commonly occurs in persons over 40 years of age, but is becoming increasingly common in younger populations. Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnancy and usually disappears when the baby is born. However, this type of diabetes increases the women’s likelihood of Type 2 diabetes later in life. This condition may be managed with lifestyle modifications and diet, but medications may be required to control sugar levels.

How does diabetes affect your body?

When someone has diabetes, they have unhealthy levels of sugar (glucose) in their blood. Our bodies require glucose for energy, and when someone has diabetes, they do not have insulin, the hormone that is required to turn glucose from foods into energy. This means that if someone with diabetes (a diabetic) eats glucose, which is in foods such as breads, cereals, fruit and starchy vegetables, legumes, milk, yoghurt and sweets, it cannot be converted to energy and remains in the blood.

Blood glucose (sugar) levels can be monitored to avoid levels which are too high, or too low, and can be managed through self care and treatment. It is important to remember that diabetes does not discriminate, and anyone can be affected.

What are the risk factors for diabetes?

The cause for type 1 diabetes is unknown, although it is thought to be an autoimmune condition. We do know that people do not develop type 1 diabetes as a result of their weight, diet or exercise regimes.

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is increased if you:

Are overweight or obese Have a family history of diabetes Have an inactive lifestyle

Are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, Melanesian, Polynesian, Chinese, South-East Asian, Middle Eastern or from the Indian sub-continent Have had gestational diabetes Have had polycystic ovarian syndrome

Is diabetes serious?

Diabetes is a serious condition if it is not managed properly on a daily basis. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can cause:

Heart attacks Stroke Kidney disease Limb amputation

Blindness Depression and anxiety

We know that diabetes:

Is the leading cause of blindness in the working age population

Is a leading cause of kidney failure and dialysis Increases the risk of heart attack and stroke by up to 4 times Is a major cause of limb amputation Affects mental as well as physical health. Depression and anxiety occur in up to 30% of people with diabetes

Statistics taken from Diabetes Australia.

How is diabetes diagnosed?

Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed at a young age, and presents quickly. Type 2 diabetes usually occurs at an older age and the symptoms are more gradual.

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes may include:

Being more thirsty than normal Passing more urine Feeling tired and lethargic Always feeling hungry

Having cuts that heal slowly Itching Skin infections Blurred vision Rapid weight loss (Type 1)

Gradually putting on weight (Type 2) Mood swings Headaches Feeling dizzy Leg cramps

Diabetes is diagnosed when:

Symptoms are present, and a fasting glucose level is high (at, or greater than 7mmol/L) A random (non-fasting) blood glucose is greater than 11.1mmol/L A HbA1c measurement (glycated haemolglobin) is at, or greater than 6.5% (HbA1c measures the level of sugar in the blood over the past 3 months) There have no symptoms, and 2 separate blood glucose tests are abnormal on different days

How can I reduce my risk of diabetes?

The risk of Type 2 diabetes can be reduced by:

Reducing the amount of fat and sugar in your diet Eating healthy foods, such as fruit and vegetables

Losing weight (if you are overweight) Exercising for 30 minutes per day and Reducing alcohol intake

How is diabetes managed?

Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin replacement, which can be delivered via injections into the skin.

Initially, Type 2 diabetes will be managed with diet and lifestyle changes, as well as monitoring blood sugar levels. Eating well can help to lower the amount of sugar ingested, and exercising increases the effectiveness of insulin, reduces your blood pressure and reduces the risk of heart disease.

If Type 2 diabetes cannot be controlled with these changes alone, or progresses to become more insulin resistant, medications (tablets) may be required to help the pancreas release insulin and convert glucose into energy. If these fail, or are losing effectiveness, insulin may be required.

The tablets and insulin are used in conjunction with a healthy diet and exercise, not as a substitute.

If you have any concerns about diabetes, have a family history, are experiencing symptoms or simply want to know more, please book an appointment to discuss this with one of our GPs.

References:

Department of Health 2016, Diabetes, Australian Government Department of Health, retrieved online 27/12/17, < http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/chronic-diabetes >

Diabetes Australia 2015, Managing Type 2, Diabetes Australia, retrieved online 27/12/17, < https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/managing-type-2 >

Diabetes Australia 2015, What is diabetes?, Diabetes Australia, retrieved online 27/12/17, < https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/what-is-diabetes >

Diabetes Queensland 2017, Risk Factors, Diabetes Queensland, retrieved online 27/12/17, < https://www.diabetesqld.org.au/about-diabetes/what-is-diabetes/risk-factors.aspx >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

After a Heart Attack: What happens?

Sat, 09 Dec 2017 10:36:00 +0000

Most people who experience a first heart attack will be discharged home from hospital, but the recovery doesn’t stop when you are discharged. Here are some tips for how to organize your recovery after a heart attack or cardiac event.

Your stay in hospital

Typically, most people will be in hospital 2 to 7 days after a heart attack. This is a good time to make sure you have the following organized:

Adequate supplies of any new medications

Make sure you understand what each medication is used for, how often to take it, and if/when to stop taking it If you are unsure about any medication, please ask to talk to a doctor or pharmacist

A written plan of action if your pain or symptoms return

Any necessary follow up appointments with specialists or GPs Instructions about how to care for your wound if you received bypass surgery, an angiogram or angioplasty Information on lifestyle changes to reduce your risk of a further heart attack

You should also receive a referral to a cardiac rehabilitation service, to be commenced after you have left hospital.

After arriving home

It is important to arrange an appointment with your regular GP or doctor to discuss what has happened, and any new medications you were started on in hospital, as well as any tests that were conducted.

Your GP will also be able to assist you with determining when to return to regular exercise, work and other leisure activities.

It is important to know that you may experience significant changes in emotions after a heart attack (including fear, depression, denial and anxiety), which may affect your lifestyle or ability to work. Please discuss this with your GP if you experience any of these emotions.

Lifestyle modifications

Lifestyle risk factors can increase the chance of a heart attack, so it is important to reduce these. These risk factors include:

High cholesterol High blood pressure Diabetes or high blood sugar Large abdominal circumference Large alcohol consumption

Smoking Sedentary lifestyle

Improving these risk factors, in conjunction with medications given to you in hospital, can help to reduce your risk of a further heart attack.

Cardiac rehabilitation

Cardiac rehabilitation services are widely available. These services include supervised exercise programs. Please discuss a referral to a cardiac rehabilitation service with your GP if you have not already been referred in hospital.

References

Blandford M 2016, Life after a heart attack: lifestyle changes, Bupa Australia: The Blue Room, retrieved online 29/12/2017, retrieved from < http://theblueroom.bupa.com.au/manage-and-recover/heart-health/life-after-a-heart-attack-lifestyle-changes/ >

Heart Foundation, date unknown, Heart attack recovery, Heart Foundation Australia, retrieved online 29/12/17, retrieved from < https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/after-my-heart-attack/heart-attack-recovery >

Heart Foundation 2013, Heart information: Recovering from a Heart Attack, Heart Foundation Australia, brochure available online < https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/images/uploads/main/Your_heart/Recovering_from_a_heart_attack.pdf >

WebMD 2017, What you should do after a heart attack, WebMD, retrieved online 29/12/17, retrieved from < https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/what-to-do-after-a-heart-attack#1 >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Food Poisoning: What do you need to know?

Thu, 30 Nov 2017 10:09:00 +0000

What is food poisoning?

How does food poisoning occur?

Some high-risk foods include:

Seafood (ie: seafood salads, platters, stews containing fish) Cooked rice and pasta Prepared salads (ie: coleslaw, pasta salads) Prepared fruit salads Pre-made/ready to eat food (ie: sandwiches, rolls, wraps and pizzas that contain any of the above listed foods)

Germs can arise in food in a number of ways, including:

Sick people who touch food before eating it Germs that live in or on food and can multiply and infect people Germs from one food can get on another food, when someone uses a knife or cutting board that has been used for other food

What can I do to prevent food poisoning?

The risk of contracting food poisoning can be reduced by following some simple steps:

Washing your hands after changing nappies, going to the bathroom, blowing your nose or taking out trash and before touching food Staying at home from work or school until you are better if you are unwell

Paying attention to food safety:

Cooking eggs until the yolk is firm Washing knives, cutting boards and utensils after being used to cut raw food Checking use by dates on food prior to use

What increases my risk of food poisoning?

Certain groups of people are at a higher risk of food poisoning. These include:

Pregnant women The elderly Young children People with chronic illness

What are the symptoms of food poisoning?

Symptoms include:

Nausea Stomach cramps Diarrhoea Vomiting Fever

Headaches

How do I treat food poisoning?

Most cases of food poisoning will get better without medications. It is important to keep your fluids up to avoid dehydration.

Some cases caused by bacteria may require antibiotics, and in severe cases caused by any ‘bug’ (pathogen), people may require fluid via an IV line (a ‘drip’).

Please ask a medical professional prior to taking anti-diarrhoeal medications.

When should I see a doctor/seek medical attention?

You should seek medical attention if:

You have severe abdominal (stomach) pain Cannot eat or drink Have blood in your bowel motions Vomit blood

Have a fever higher than 38oC

People in high risk groups (listed above), need to seek medical attention early in their illness as they are more susceptible to dehydration than the regular population.

References

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Concussion in Children

Thu, 09 Nov 2017 09:48:00 +0000

What is concussion?

It is very common for children to bump their head, or injure themselves while playing sport. It can be difficult to tell whether an injury is serious or not, and many head injuries are not serious and simply result in a bump or bruise. Occasionally, head injuries can result in damage to the brain.

Concussion is a mild head injury and usually causes confusion, memory loss and a headache.

If your child has received a head injury, they should see a doctor.

You should seek medical assistance immediately by calling 000 if:

Your child has a hard bang to the head, such as falling off something high, or from a car accident Your child loses consciousness (passes out) Your child seems unwell and vomits several times after hitting their head

Signs and symptoms of concussion

Signs and symptoms of a concussion can occur from a few minutes after the injury, up to a few days after an injury. Symptoms also vary depending on the severity of the injury.

A severe head injury should be suspected if your child:

Has lost consciousness for a prolonged period Has an ongoing decreased conscious state

Is drowsy and does not respond to your voice Has other significant head injuries (ie: unequal size of pupils, arm or leg weakness) Has something stuck in their head Has a seizure, fit or convulsion (other than a single brief one when the injury occurred) Is confused, has a loss of orientation to time, person, place, or has memory loss

A moderate head injury should be suspected when your child:

Has lost consciousness for a brief period of time Is alert and responds to your voice Has vomited 2 or more times Has a persistent or recurring headache

Experiences visual disturbances May have one brief fit, seizure or convulsion at the time of the injury May have a large bruise, lump or cut on their head Is confused, has a loss of orientation to time, person, place or has memory loss

You should call 000 for an ambulance immediately if your child has a severe or moderate head injury.

A mild head injury (concussion) should be suspected when your child:

May display an altered level of consciousness

Is alert and interacts with you May have vomited May have bruising or cuts on their head Is otherwise normal

You should seek medical advice if any of the above symptoms are concerning you, but otherwise continue to watch your child for worsening fatigue, presence of vomiting, headache not relieved by pain medications, drowsiness, bleeding or discharge from the ear or nose, fits/seizures/twitching/convulsions, blurred or double vision, poor coordination or clumsiness, arm or leg weakness, loss of bladder control, difficulties swallowing or drinking, sensitivity to noise or unusual or confused behaviour over the coming weeks after their injury.

Will my child need tests?

Your child may require tests, but this depends on the severity of the injury and your child’s symptoms. If your doctor suspects an injury, they may conduct imaging of the brain, which may be a CT or MRI. These tests are not normally needed for routine concussion.

Treatment of concussion

If your child has a moderate or severe head injury, please seek medical attention and follow the plan given by the treating doctor.

If your child has a concussion or mild head injury, the most important part of treatment is rest. If your child undertakes sporting activities, please see a doctor to discuss when they are able to return to sport.

In general, a child or adolescent who is healing from a concussion should:

Not go to school until he or she is focused and able to concentrated for at least 30 to 45 minutes Not to play sports, do any heavy exercise or do any activities that may risk a head injury (such as a bike ride or skateboard) Not to spend a lot of time playing video or computer games, receiving text messages, or working at the computer (if your child’s concussion symptoms get worse whilst doing these activities, they should not do them at all) Not to listen to loud music

Most children can return to sport or other activities within 2 weeks, but it is important not to rush their return and check with a doctor regarding their return.

When should I seek further medical attention

In addition to the points and symptoms listed above, if you have ANY concern about your child’s head injury or conscious state, please seek medical attention as soon as possible.

If you are interested in learning more about this topic, feel free to book an appointment with one of our friendly doctors by booking online or contacting us by phone on 8417 7700.

References

Royal Children’s Hospital, date unknown, Head injury – general advice, RCH Kids Health Info, retrieved 7/1/18, retrieved from < https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Head_injury/ >

Crowly K, Martin KA 2018, Patient Info: Concussion in children and adolescents (The Basics), UpToDate, retrieved 7/1/18, retrieved from < https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/contents/concussion-in-children-and-adolescents-the-basics?search=sport%20injuries&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H24542682 >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Dizzy and Giddy with Vertigo

Mon, 30 Oct 2017 01:10:00 +0000

What is vertigo?

Vertigo is a cause for dizziness.Dizziness can be hard to describe, and is often described as making you feel like you are about to fall or pass out. It can also cause you to feel light headed or make it hard for you to walk straight.

Vertigo, on the other hand, is a type of dizziness that makes you feel like you are spinning, swaying or tilting, or like the room is moving around you. This sensation usually comes and goes and can last for seconds, hours or days. The sensation may be worse when you move your head, change positions, cough or sneeze. Other symptoms associated with vertigo include trouble walking, nausea and vomiting.

What are the causes of vertigo?

The most common causes include:

Inner ear problems: deep inside the ear, there is a small network of tubes containing fluid. This fluid also contains calcium deposits which makes up the ‘vestibular system’ which helps tell the brain what position the body is in and helps with balance.

Problems that can occur with this system include:

Swelling of the inner ear tubesFormation of extra calcium depositsSwelling which puts pressure on the nerves in the inner ear, which may be due to a viral infection

Head injuries and concussion: can disturb the inner ear and cause vertigoMedicines: these can damage the inner ear and cause vertigoMigraine headachesBrain problems: problems such as stroke or multiple sclerosis can also cause vertigo

When should I seek assistance?

If you have vertigo and any of the following, you should seek medical assistance:

Develop a new or severe headacheHave a high fever (>38oC)Start to see double or have trouble seeing clearlyHave trouble speaking or hearingHave weakness in an arm or leg, or your face is drooping to one sidePass out or lose consciousnessDevelop number or tinglingDevelop chest painCannot stop vomiting

You should also seek medical assistance if you have vertigo that lasts for several minutes or more, and you:

Are older than 60Had a stroke in the pastAre at risk of having a stroke – for example, if you have diabetes or are a smoker

If you have dizziness or vertigo, but none of the problems listed above, make an appointment with your GP.

Can vertigo be treated?

If the cause of vertigo is known, your doctor can try to treat that directly. For example, if the problem is increased calcium deposits in the ear, the doctor can use special movements of the head to try and relieve the symptoms.

Sometimes there is no obvious cause of vertigo to be treated. If your doctor is unsure of what is causing the vertigo and has ruled out serious causes, there are medications that can be used to reduce the symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

Your doctor may refer you to a specialist for further assessment and treatment of your vertigo. This may be a surgeon, or a doctor who specializes in the brain.

What else do I need to do to help with my vertigo?

If you have vertigo, you are at risk of falling. It is important to make your home safe to reduce the risk of falling. This includes clearing clutter, loos electrical cords and slippery rugs, as well as wearing sturdy, non-slip shoes.

It is important not to drive when you are dizzy, and to inform your employer if your job places you at risk during a dizzy spell (ie: using ladders, operating heavy machinery) to ensure that you keep yourself and others safe.

If you are interested in learning more about this topic, feel free to book an appointment with one of our friendly doctors by booking online or contacting us by phone on 8417 7700.

References

Crowley K, Martin KA 2017, Patient Education: Vertigo (a type of dizziness), UpToDate, retrieved 2/9/17, < https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/contents/vertigo-a-type-of-dizziness-the-basics?source=search_result&search=vertigo&selectedTitle=1~150#H1742292300 >Tidy C 2016, Vertigo, Patient, retrieved online 2/9/17, < https://patient.info/doctor/vertigo >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Thyroid Disease

Mon, 16 Oct 2017 00:57:00 +0000

What is the Thyroid?

The thyroid is a small hormonal gland that sits in the front of the neck. It is made of 2 halves, called lobes that lie near the windpipe and are joined by a narrow band of tissue.

The thyroid takes in iodine, which is found in many foods, and converts it into the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are used widely in the body for regulation of metabolism and functions such as:

Heart rateCentral and peripheral nervous systemsBody weightMuscle strengthMenstrual cyclesBody temperaturesCholesterol levels

What controls the Thyroid?

The thyroid gland is under the control of the pituitary gland, a tiny peanut-sized gland at the base of the brain. When your levels of T3 & T4 are too low, the pituitary releases TSH, which instructs the thyroid gland to make and release more T3 & T4 to raise the levels.

Both the pituitary and thyroid glands are under the control of another gland, known as the hypothalamus.

What happens if there is something wrong with my thyroid gland?

There are two main problems that can occur with your thyroid hormones.

The first is excess of the thyroid hormones, causing hyperthyroidism. This can cause symptoms such as:

Irritability or moodinessNervousness, hyperactivitySweating or sensitivity to high temperaturesHand trembling (shaking)Hair lossMissed or light menstrual periods

The second is lack of the thyroid hormones, which causes hypothyroidism. This can result in:

Trouble sleepingTiredness and fatigueDifficulty concentratingDry skin and hairSensitivity to cold temperaturesFrequent, heavy periodsJoint and muscle pain

How do I find out if my thyroid gland is functioning properly?

If you or your GP are concerned that there is a problem with your thyroid gland and thyroid hormones, there are some simple blood tests that can be conducted to look at the levels of T3, T4 and TSH in your blood.

Further tests that may be conducted include scans of the thyroid gland to show their size or the uptake of iodine.

How can thyroid problems be treated?

If your thyroid hormones are low, replacement hormones can be easily taken in tablet form. If your thyroid hormones are high, there are a number of different treatment options available to reduce the levels, including medication, surgery and radioiodine ablation.

If you are interested in learning more about this topic, feel free to book an appointment with one of our friendly doctors by booking online or contacting us by phone on 8417 7700.

References

Brady, B 2017, ‘Thyroid Gland, How it Functions, Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism’, EndocrineWeb, retrieved online 31/7/17, < https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid-nodules/thyroid-gland-controls-bodys-metabolism-how-it-works-symptoms-hyperthyroi >NHS Choices 2015, ‘Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) – Treatment’, NHS Choices, retrieved online 31/7/17, < http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Thyroid-under-active/Pages/Treatment.aspx >NHS Choices 2016, ‘Treatments for an overactive thyroid’, NHS Choices, retrieved on 31/7/17, < http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Thyroid-over-active/Pages/Treatment.aspx >Norman, J 2017, ‘Thyroid Gland Function Tests’, EndocrineWeb, retrieved online 31/7/17, < https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/thyroid-gland-function >Sargis, RM 2017, ‘How your Thyroid Works’, EndocrineWeb, retrieved online 31/7/17, < https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/how-your-thyroid-works >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Prostate Cancer

Mon, 02 Oct 2017 00:47:00 +0000

What is the prostate?

The prostate is a gland that is in men. It is often described as about the size of the walnut. It is a small gland that sits below the bladder, near the rectum. It surround the urethra, which is the passage through which urine and semen passes.

The prostate gland produces much of the fluid that makes up semen and enriches sperm. It needs the male hormone testosterone to grow and develop. Even though it is described as being the size of a walnut, it can grow throughout life and can sometimes cause problems such as urinating, which is especially common in older men. This is not always a sign of prostate cancer.

What is prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is when abnormal cells develop in the prostate, and can continue to multiply in an uncontrolled way and sometimes spread outside the prostate into nearby or distant parts of the body. It is generally a slow growing disease, and the majority of men with prostate cancer live for many years without symptoms and without it becoming life-threatening. However, in some cases, high grade disease exists and can become lethal, and appropriate treatment is key to altering the disease course.

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

Age: the chance of developing prostate cancer increases with age. By the age of 75, the risk of prostate cancer is 1 in 7, and by the age of 85, this increases to 1 in 5.Family history: if you have a first degree relative with prostate cancer, there is a higher risk of developing the disease. The risk is also increased if you have more than one relative with prostate cancer. Risks are higher in men whose relatives were diagnosed at a young age.

Other factors that may increase the risk of prostate cancer include:

Genetics: although prostate cancer can’t be inherited, a man can inherit genes that increase the risk of prostate cancerDiet: there is some evidence that eating a lot of processed meat or food that is high in fat can increase the risk of developing prostate cancerLifestyle: there is evidence to suggest that environment and lifestyle can also affect the risk

What are the symptoms?

In the early stages of the disease, there may be no symptoms. In the later stages, symptoms may include:

Feeling the frequent or sudden need to urinateFinding it difficult to urinateDiscomfort when urinatingNoticing blood in the urine or semenPain in lower back, upper thighs or hips

How can I be tested for prostate cancer?

Initially, prostate cancer is detected through two main methods:

DRE (digital rectal examination): the prostate can be felt via a digital rectal examination due to its location. The examination can be used to assess the size of the prostate and any abnormalities. A normal prostate on examination does not rule out cancer.Blood test (prostate specific antigen): the result of this test shows whether there is an increase in this specific protein. Depending on the result, you may require further investigation. A high PSA result does not necessarily mean cancer, as high PSA levels can occur in other prostate problems.

If you are over 50, or over 40 with a family history of prostate cancer, please talk to your doctor about testing for prostate cancer using the PSA test and a DRE as part of an annual health check up. It is important to discuss with your doctor and make an individual informed decision about testing based on the latest available evidence on the benefits and potential harms of testing and subsequent treatment.

The only way a firm diagnosis of prostate cancer can be made is with a biopsy, which is conducted by a specialist.

What can I do to reduce my risk of prostate cancer?

Some of the risk factors described above, such as age and family history, cannot be modified. However, there are some contributing risk factors that can be modified to reduce your risk. These include:

Healthy lifestyle: this can also help to improve your general health as well as reducing your risk of prostate cancer. This includes being physically active and staying at a healthy weight (as being overweight or obese can increase your risk of prostate cancer)Reducing processed meats and red meatsBeing aware of your own risk factors and discussing these with your doctor

If you are interested in learning more about this topic, feel free to book an appointment with one of our friendly doctors by booking online or contacting us by phone on 8417 7700.

References

American Cancer Society 2016, ‘Can Prostate Cancer Be Prevented?’, American Cancer Society, retrieved online 14/8/17, retrieved from < https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html >

Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia 2017, ‘What you need to know about prostate cancer’, Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, retrieved online 14/8/17, retrieved from < http://www.prostate.org.au/awareness/general-information/what-you-need-to-know-about-prostate-cancer/ >

Prostate Cancer UK 2015, ‘Can I reduce my risk?’, Prostate Cancer UK, retrieved online 14/8/17, retrieved from < https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information/are-you-at-risk/can-i-reduce-my-risk >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Back Pain: It's a pain in the back!

Mon, 18 Sep 2017 01:38:00 +0000

Lower back pain is something that commonly occurs in adults. Almost everyone gets back pain at some point, and it can be quite frustrating to deal with, so it is important to educate yourself on it in case it happens to you.

How worried should I be about lower back pain?

Most cases of lower back pain go away by themselves. However, if you have any of the following symptoms, or are concerned, you should seek advice from your doctor:

If you have had a recent fall or injury to your backHave numbness or weakness in your legsHave trouble with bladder or bowel controlHave unexplained weight lossHave a fever or feel unwellTake a steroid medication such as prednisolone on a regular basisHave diabetes or a medical problem that weakens your immune systemHave a history of cancer or osteoporosis

You should also seek medical advice if:

Your pain is so severe that you cannot perform simple tasksYour back pain does not start to improve within 3-4 weeks

What about chronic (longer-term) low back pain)?

Back pain can persist for a long time, and can have ‘serious’ effects even when it is not ‘dangerous’. It is important to see your doctor for assessment if you have not done so previously, or if there is a change in your back pain.

What are the parts of the back?

The back is made up of:

Vetebrae: a stack of bones sitting on top of one another with a hole in the centre of each bone, which forms a hollow tube that protects the spinal cord when stacked.Discs: these are rubbery discs that sit between each of the vertebrae to add cushion and allow movementSpinal cord and nerves: the spinal cord is a ‘highway’ of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body. It runs through the hollow passage created by the vertebrae and nerves branch out from this at multiple levels, connecting to the arms, legs and organs. This is why back pain can affect other areas of the body.Muscles, tendons and ligaments: together, these are known as the soft tissue of the back, and help to hold the back together.

What can cause back pain?

In many cases, the cause of back pain is hard to determine. Back pain can arise from straining a muscle or ligament (soft tissue), and if this is the case, there is no way to know for sure.

Back pain can also result from:

Damaged, bulging or torn discsArthritis of the joints of the spineBony growths of the vertebrae that can crowd or compress nearby nervesA vertebrae out of placeNarrowing of the spinal canalA tumour or infection (rare)

Do I need an investigation, like and x-ray or MRI?

Most episodes of back pain do not need imaging and will resolve within 4-6 weeks. Your doctor will assess your symptoms and examine you to determine whether you need further testing.

What can I do to improve my back pain?

After being assessed by a doctor, the best thing you can do is to stay as active as possible, even if you are in pain. It is known that people with lower back pain recover faster if they stay active. It is important to walk as much as you can, and return to normal exercise as soon as you can. It is also important to remember to not overdo it, and if you are worried about your exercise routine or your back pain to discuss this with your doctor.

When you start to feel better, your doctor can refer you onto a physiotherapist, or give you exercises to strengthen your back and make it less likely to have back pain in the future.

Other treatments are available, and a very small proportion of people require surgery. Other options include:

Medications: many over the counter medications such as NSAIDs (ibruprofen, nurofen) combined with paracetamol can be beneficial in improving pain to allow exercise. If these non-prescription medications do not work, your doctor may be able to prescribe stronger medications.Physical therapy for special exercises and stretchesInjections of medications to reduce swelling

If you are interested in learning more about this topic, feel free to book an appointment with one of our friendly doctors by booking online or contacting us by phone on 8417 7700.

References

Crowley K, Martin KA 2017, Patient education: Low back pain in adults (The Basics), UpToDate, retrieved 2/9/17, < https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/contents/low-back-pain-in-adults-the-basics?source=search_result&search=chronic%20back%20pain&selectedTitle=5~150#H480076093 >HealthDirect 2017, Back Pain, HealthDirect, retrieved online 2/9/17, < https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/back-pain >Ingraham P 2017, When to Worry About Low Back Pain, PainScience.com, retrieved online 2/9/17, < https://www.painscience.com/articles/when-to-worry-about-low-back-pain-and-when-not-to.php >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Temporary Road Closures

Tue, 12 Sep 2017 13:01:00 +0000

There will be an upcoming closure of Orsmond Street starting at 7pm Tuesday 12 September to 6am Monday 18 September.

After the full closure Orsmond Street will be partially closed from 6am Monday 18 September to 6am Monday 2 October 2017.

During this time traffic will be able to enter Orsmond Street from South Road, exit will be via George Street and Manton Street.

Balance

Mon, 04 Sep 2017 01:27:00 +0000

Balance is an important part of everyday life. It helps with tasks such as getting out of a chair and walking, bending over to put shoes on, and even driving or going shopping. Balance problems can occur in the general population, and can cause many disruptions in everyday life.

Balance Control

Balance control is a complex process and depends on three major components:

Your sensory systems for accurate information about the body’s relationship to the environmentYour brain’s ability to process this informationYour muscles and joints for coordinating the movements required to maintain balance

Normally, balance control is accomplished ‘automatically’ and does not require our conscious attention. However, balance control can be interrupted and we may then require conscious effort to exert control over our balance.

Loss of balance control

In a person who has a problem with balance, there may be issues with senses of touch (feet, ankles, joints), sight (eyes) or inner ear motion sensors and their ability to work in harmony with the brain.

In some people, some of the sensors are missing and they may not realise they are losing balance. In others, the brain gets confused and creates and inaccurate feeling of falling when the person is actually in balance.

The risk of losing control over our balance increases with age, or as our senses or brain centres are exposed to degenerative or infectious diseases, or with the effects of injuries accumulated over a lifetime.

Balance and aging

Getting older does not mean that losing your balance is inevitable. Many healthy seniors are able to perform daily activities with few physical limitations. However, your risk of falling does increase with age as it is more difficult to walk steadily and keep your balance. It is also important to know that the effects of falling are worse with increasing age. 3 to 4 people out of 10 over the age of 65 fall each year, and up to 75% of people who fracture a hip never recover to the point they were before they had their fracture.

Along with problems with the balance systems mentioned above, there are other factors that can increase the risk of falls, including illness, changes in medications or a safe/unfamiliar setting.

So, how can I reduce my risk of falls and balance problems?

It is important to discuss with your GP the following things:

Past fallsHealth conditions, including eyesight, hearing, muscle strength or balanceMedications you take, especially any changes or additions to medications

It is also important to talk to your doctor if you experience balance problems or a sensation of impaired balance.

You can also implement some strategies to reduce the risk of falls, including:

Making your home safer – get rid of things that can make you trip or slip, including furniture, electrical cords, clutter and loose rugsWear sturdy shoes that fit wellTake vitamin D pills ()Stay active and exercise regularly, including walking, swimming and Tai Chi (please see your doctor before commencing an exercise program)Use a cane, walker and other safety devices if advised by your doctor

What should I do if I fall?

It is important to see your doctor right away, even if you aren’t hurt. Your doctor can help find out what caused you to fall, and how likely you are to fall again, and also help prevent future falls.

If you are interested in learning more about this topic, feel free to book an appointment with one of our friendly doctors by booking online or contacting us by phone on 8417 7700.

References

Crowley K, Martin KA 2017, Patient Education: Preventing Falls (The Basics), UpToDate, retrieved 25/8/17, < https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/contents/preventing-falls-the-basics?source=search_result&search=balance%20patient%20info&selectedTitle=7~150#H4879712 >Natus 2017, How to Control Your Balance, Natus Balance & Mobility, retrieved 25/8/17, < http://balanceandmobility.com/for-patients/how-to-control-your-balance/ >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Flying High: Altitude Sickness

Mon, 21 Aug 2017 06:33:00 +0000

If you are travelling to areas with a high altitude, it is important to know about altitude sickness. While there is nowhere in Australia high enough to cause altitude sickness, it can occur in about 20% of people at 2000 metres, 40% in those who ascend to 3000 metres and 75% at 4500 metres.

What is altitude sickness?

There are 3 main types of altitude sickness:

Acute mountain sickness: the most common type and causes symptoms similar to alcohol hangoverHigh altitude cerebral oedema (HACE): less common but more serious than acute mountain sickness, and involves swelling of the brainHigh altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE): also less common and more serious than acute mountain sickness, and involves fluid build up in the lungs

What are the symptoms?

Acute mountain sickness can happen within a day of travelling or climbing to a very high altitude. The symptoms can include:

Feeling tiredFeeling lightheadedHaving no appetiteTrouble sleepingNausea, sometimes with vomiting

HACE (swelling of the brain) can cause the following symptoms. They usually being 1-3 days are travelling or climbing to a high altitude:

Extreme tiredness and weaknessTrouble walking normallyConfusion and irritabilityActing drunk

HAPE (fluid in the lungs) can cause the following symptoms. They usually being 2-4 days after travelling to or climbing to a high altitude:

Feeling breathlessTrouble walking uphillPink sputum (due to the presence of blood)Palpitations (rapid heart beat)Loss of consciousness

What can I do to feel better?

If you develop mild symptoms of acute mountain sickness, you should rest and not climb any higher until you feel better. If your symptoms do not improve you should move to a lower altitude and seek assistance.

If you develop symptoms of HACE or HAPE you should descend immediately and seek assistance.

Should I see a doctor or nurse?

If you have severe symptoms after travelling or climbing to a high altitude, you should seek medical care immediately. Severe altitude sickness can result in health problems or death.

What is the treatment?

This depends on the type of altitude sickness you develop. For acute mountain sickness, rest and paracetamol or ibuprofen can be taken for the headache. If your symptoms do not resolve you should descend to a lower altitude.

There are prescription medications available for the treatment of acute mountain sickness. These include:

Diamox (acetazolamide): can help prevent and treat acute mountain sicknessDexamethasone: can help keep the symptoms of acute mountain sickness from getting worse and can prevent swelling on the brain.

The most important treatment for HACE (fluid on the brain) and HAPE (fluid on the lungs) is to get to a lower altitude right away. If you have HACE or HAPE and cannot get to a lower altitude, you may be put inside a special inflatable bag called a ‘portable hyperbaric chamber’. Once you are zipped inside this bag, a doctor or nurse will fill it up with air similar to air at lower altitudes, and you may be given oxygen to assist breathing.

Can altitude sickness be prevented?

Yes, and the best way to prevent it is to avoid moving quickly to a higher altitude, as going slowly gives the body time to adjust.

If you are travelling to a very high altitude, plan to stretch out your trip over several daysIf you are hiking or climbing, don’t do difficult physical activities for the first few days, and avoid alcohol or sleeping pillsWhen hiking, go to a higher altitude during the day and a slightly lower altitude at nightIf you have previously had altitude sickness, talk to your doctor about medications to prevent it from occurring againIf you have a short time for acclimatization, discuss with your doctor medications to help you acclimatize

It is important to remember that if you are planning on going to a high altitude to check with your doctor first, especially if you have any health conditions or are taking any current medications.

If you are interested in learning more about this topic, feel free to book an appointment with one of our friendly doctors by booking online or contacting us by phone on 8417 7700.

References

Crowly K, Martin KA 2017, Patient education: Altitude sickness (including mountain sickness) (The Basics), UpToDate, retrieved online 1/9/17, < https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/contents/altitude-sickness-including-mountain-sickness-the-basics?source=search_result&search=sleeping%20pills&selectedTitle=2~150#H2352849 >

myDr 2016, Altitude Sickness, myDr, retrieved online 1/9/17, < http://www.mydr.com.au/travel-health/altitude-sickness >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

How to Maximise Your Sleep

Mon, 07 Aug 2017 01:34:00 +0000

Sleep is an extremely important part of everyday life. The amount of sleep you get helps support many bodily functions, including brain function and physical health. In children and teens, sleep also helps to support growth and development.

What happens if I don’t get enough sleep?

Poor sleep can lead to instant problems, such as a car accident, but can also put you at risk of longer term health issues.

Sleep helps your brain to work properly. While sleeping, your brain is preparing for the next day and creating new pathways to help you learn and retain new information. Studies have shown that good sleep helps you improve your learning, and poor sleep can cause difficulties making decisions, solving problems, controlling your emotions and behaviour, and coping with change. There are also links between sleep deficiency and depression, suicide and risk taking behaviour.

In terms of physical health, ongoing sleep deficiency is linked to an increased risk of obesity, heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and stroke. It is also linked to control of your hunger hormone (ghrelin) and the hormone that make you feel full (leptin). Interference with your sleep pattern can cause interference with your hunger and fullness cues.

Your immune system also relies on sleep to stay efficient. Prolonged sleep deficiency may cause your body to have difficulty fighting common infections.

What can I do to improve my sleep?

Healthy sleep habits can improve your sleep and improve your general health. These healthy habits include:

Creating a sleep schedule: aim to create a sleep schedule of the same bedtime and wakeup time, even on weekends. This helps to regulate your body clock, which improves the quality of sleep you get overnight.Develop a relaxing bedtime ritual: aim to turn off bright lights and technology prior to going to bed, helps to separate your sleep time from activities that can cause excitement, stress or anxiety.Avoid naps: if you are having difficulty sleeping, try to cut out that afternoon nap! Even short ‘power naps’, which may be helpful during the day can detrimentally affect your sleep overnight.Exercise daily: vigorous exercise is best at improving sleep, but even consistent light exercise can help with your sleep patterns. Exercise can be done at any time of day, but not at the expense of your sleep.

Evaluate your room: assess your room for things that may be affecting your sleep, such as:

Temperature: your bedroom should be cool, but not coldNoise & light: your bedroom should be free from loud noise & lightCheck for other distractions: these could include your partner’s snoring or external light sources. Consider using tools to block these out such as eye shades or ear plugs.

Sleeping on comfortable mattresses and pillows: ensure that your mattress is within it’s life expectancy of approx. 9-10 years, and combining this with comfortable pillows can help free the room from allergens and make sleep more comfortable.

If you are concerned about your sleep, or you are having trouble with fatigue, please consider visiting your GP to rule out serious causes that could be contributing to your symptoms. You can book online with one of our friendly GPs by clicking here.

References

NIH 2017, ‘Why is sleep important?’, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, retrieved online 1/8/17, < https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sdd/why >

National Sleep Foundation (date unknown), ‘Healthy Sleep Tips’, National Sleep Foundation, retrieved online 1/8/17, < https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-tools-tips/healthy-sleep-tips >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Men are More Likely to Get Sick

Mon, 24 Jul 2017 02:11:00 +0000

Did you know that in Australia, men are more likely than women to get sick from serious health problems? In fact, the number of male deaths outnumbers female deaths in every age group, except the over 65 year old group (largely because many men pass away prior to retirement).

Compared to women, men visit the doctor less frequently, have shorter visits, and tend to only visit when their illnesses are in their late stages.

The average life expectancy for an Australian man is approximately 79 years, compared to 84 years for an Australian woman. These are relatively high compared to the rest of the world, but there are certain groups of Australian men who have a lower life expectancy than 79 years. These include:

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander MenMigrant MenMen who live in rural and remote AustraliaSocially disadvantaged menMen with disabilitiesMen who are in prisonNon-heterosexual men, including gay, bisexual and transgender malesIntersex people

Why is this the case?

There are a number of theories that attempt to explain the discrepancy in health between men and women. These include:

In Australia, more money is spent on the healthcare needs of women and children than the healthcare needs of menMen are more likely than women to work full time, which clashes with most medical clinic hours (this is also true for women in full time employment)Men, particularly older men, prefer to see a male doctor for certain issues. This can be difficult if there are a lack of male doctors at the clinic or in a particular areaWhile not always the case, men are traditionally encouraged to do high-risk jobs that are stressful, dangerous and deadly such as mining, logging and constructionMen are encouraged by culture to be tough and independent, which can interfere with the need to attend a doctor

So, what can I do about it?

The good news is that it is not all doom and gloom. Many of the top causes of premature death in men can be prevented or diagnosed early, allowing treatment. One of the causes of more male deaths than female deaths is suicide. If you or a loved one are experiencing a personal crisis, please call Lifeline on 13 11 14. If there is an emergency, please call 000.

There are a number of simple things you can do to improve your health:

Stick to a health dietWear your seat belt when drivingLimit consumption of alcohol and caffeineAvoid tobaccoHave regular eye and dental examinationsMaintain an ideal body weightMake sure you exerciseEngage socially and intellectually Wear sunscreenWear hearing protection for excessive noise exposure (like concerts/construction sites)Be safety conscious, such as wearing bike helmets or reflective clothing when running in the dark

It is also important to know your specific risks and how your current health is, so if you would like to book in to see a GP you can click here to book with one of our friendly doctors.

References

Better Health Channel 2017, Men’s Health, Better Health Channel, retrieved online 7/8/17, < https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/mens-health?viewAsPdf=true >

Cleveland Clinic 2016, Men’s Health, Cleveland Clinic, retrieved 7/8/17, < https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/mens-health-your-preventive-health-program >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Healthy Bones 101

Mon, 10 Jul 2017 12:57:00 +0000

Bone basics

The human body has 206 bones, and they all perform different functions. Our bones are continually adapting to the body’s needs, including changing shape and composition.

Some of the functions that bones perform are...

Support: our bones are strong but light, and help give the body shape and support without weighing it downProtection: our bones can help protect vital organs of the body, and this is most obvious with the skull and spine (vertebrae), which protect the central nervous system. Other bones that protect vital organs include the ribs, which protect the lungs and heartMovement: in combination with the muscles in our body, bones help to move our limbs and other parts of the bodyBlood cell production: the ‘inside’ of our bones are filled with bone marrow, which produces red blood cells (needed to transport oxygen around the body) and white blood cells (needed to help fight infection), among other productsCalcium: bones are important in the regulation of calcium in the body. When there is excess calcium, it can be stored in bones, and when there is too little calcium in the blood, it can be released from the bones to raise the level

Why is it important to look after our bones?

One main problem with poor bone health is osteoporosis, which is a reduction in bone density. This means that it is easier for your bones to break! So something which would only be a small issue in a young person, may actually cause a fracture in an older person with osteoporosis.

In general, our bone density is increasing while we are young, but starts to decrease at around the age of 40 – and the best way to prevent osteoporosis is to prevent the decrease in bone density.

What are some steps I can take to have healthy bones?

There are a number of things you can do to improve the health of your bones, and prevent them from declining.

Regular exercise: it is important to do regular weight bearing exercises to maintain strong muscles and bones. Weight bearing exercise should be performed for at least 30 minutes, 3-5 days per week and muscle strengthening or resistance exercises at least 2 days per week. Talk to your GP before commencing any exercise program, to prevent any injury or exacerbation of health conditions.

Ensure you have adequate nutrients: calcium, vitamin D and protein are essential for healthy bones. - Calcium is found in dairy foods such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, and have the added benefit of containing protein. It can also be found in some fruits and green vegetables (eg: kale, broccoli, apricots) and in canned fish (sardines). If your dietary calcium is not enough, you may need to take calcium supplements. Have a chat to your GP about checking your calcium levels. - Vitamin D is produced in the body from exposure of the skin to sunlight. However, depending on where you live you may not be able to get enough vitamin D from sunlight alone, and other sources include (eg: egg yolk, salmon and tuna). Talk to your GP about getting your vitamin D level assessed and what to do about it if it is low.

Avoid negative lifestyle habits such as smoking, excess alcohol and being underweight. All of these have negative effects on bone health.Identify your risk factors: talk to your GP to assess your risk factors and whether you should have a bone density scan.Take osteoporosis medicine if prescribed: there are many treatments available for osteoporosis that have been proven to be effective. If you are prescribed medication for osteoporosis it is important to take it as it can protect your bones and prevent potentially life-threatening fractures. if you are concerned about the medications or their side effects, speak to your doctor.

If you are worried about your bone health, or are interested in booking in with one of our friendly GP’s to discuss this book an appointment with us online!

References

Agency 2017, ‘Here’s why it is so important to look after your bones’, Star2, retrieved online 28/7/17, < http://www.star2.com/health/wellness/2017/01/23/heres-why-important-look-after-bones/ >

Osteoporosis Australia 2014, ‘Five Steps to Better Bone Health’, Osteoporosis Australia & International Osteoporosis Foundation, retrieved online 28/7/17, < https://www.osteoporosis.org.au/sites/default/files/files/OA_WOD14_brochure_02_final.pdf >

Cloe, A 2015, ‘Why are bones important to the body?’, Livestrong, retrieved online 28/7/17, < http://www.livestrong.com/article/80192-bones-important-body/ >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Getting to the Bottom of Bowel Cancer

Mon, 26 Jun 2017 13:29:00 +0000

What is Bowel Cancer?

Bowel cancer (or colorectal cancer) is tumour (cancer) formation in the part of the body carrying waste products from the small intestine (the part of your intestines after the stomach) to the anus/rectum. The growths usually begin as polyps, and can then progress to invasive cancer if left undetected.

What causes it?

There are a number of factors that can increase your risk of bowel cancer. These include:

Inherited genetic risk and family historyInflammatory bowel diseasePolypsHigh red meat consumption (especially processed meats)Being overweight or obeseHigh alcohol consumptionSmoking

Bowel cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women in Australia, and is more common in those over 50 years of age. It is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths in those aged above 80 (Cancer Council Australia 2016). However, 90% of cases are cured if detected early. Bowel cancer can be asymptomatic, or present with symptoms including:

Change in bowel habit (ie: diarrhoea, constipation or the feeling of incomplete emptying)Thin bowel movementsBlood in the stoolsAbdominal pain, bloating or crampingAnal or rectal painA lump in the anus or rectumWeight lossFatigueUnexplained anaemia

If you have any of these symptoms, you should talk to your GP.

Can I have free bowel cancer screening?

In Australia, the National Bowel Cancer Screening program currently provides a free FOBT (faecal occult blood test) kit to Australians aged 50, 55, 60, 64, 65, 70, 72 and 74. The program is available to those with a low risk of bowel cancer, and aims to provide Australians aged between 50 and 74 with 2 yearly screening by the year 2020. The Cancer Council Australia recommends screening every 2 years for people aged above 50 years. Early detection is key, and occult blood in your stool can be one of the first signs.

It is important to note that if you have a family history of bowel cancer or a specific bowel condition, the general screening program may not be appropriate for you. Please book an appointment to talk to one of our GPs if you have a family history of bowel cancer or are concerned about your risk.

What is the faecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

This is a simple test that you can do in the privacy of your own home! It involves taking 2-3 small samples of your bowel motions and placing them in a test kit. These are then sent away to a laboratory and analysed there. The FOBT is not the most accurate test for bowel cancer, however it is currently the best screening test available cheaply and easily for eligible people.

What happens if the test is positive?

If your FOBT comes back positive, you should see your GP to talk about what this means for your. A positive test does not necessarily mean that you have bowel cancer, but it means that often further investigation is required to determine the cause of the positive test.

If you are not yet eligible for the screening program, or are concerned about bowel cancer, book an appointment to talk to your GP about screening and detection.

For more information about the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program, please visit this link: http://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/Content/bowel-screening-1

References

Cancer Council Australia 2016, Bowel Cancer Screening, Cancer Council Australia, retrieved online 18/6/17, retrieved from http://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/early-detection/screening-programs/bowel-cancer-screening/

Cancer Council Australia 2017, Bowel Cancer, Cancer Council Australia, retrieved online 18/6/17, retrieved from http://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer/

Cancer Council Australia 2017, Faecal Occult Blood Test, Cancer Council Australia, retrieved online 22/6/17, retrieved from http://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/early-detection/early-detection-factsheets/understanding-your-fobt.htm

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Soft Tissue Injuries: Prevention and Treatment (RICER)

Mon, 12 Jun 2017 01:12:00 +0000

If you play sport or exercise regularly, you’ve probably come across someone who has injured themselves or had a soft tissue injury. A soft tissue injury is an injury to the tissues that connect, support or surround other structures and organs of the body – these can include muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, nerves, fibrous tissue, fat, blood vessels and synovial membranes (Sports Medicine Australia 2010).

How do they occur?

They usually involve a sprain, strain or direct blow to muscle, tendons or ligaments. The biggest risk factor for a soft tissue injury is a previous injury (Sports Medicine Australia 2010).

How to prevent them?

Fortunately, there are a number of ways you can try to prevent soft tissue injuries. These include:

Warming up, stretching and cooling downTraining prior to competition to ensure that you are ready to participateInclude appropriate speed work, stretching and strengthening exercises for the type of sport or exercise you are training forGradually increasing your training and levels of cardiovascular fitnessWearing appropriate footwear and exercise attireAllowing adequate recovery time between workouts or training sessionsEnsuring you wear protective equipment (ie: shin guards, mouthguards and helmets) and that the playing area is safe and clear of dangerous obstaclesKeeping hydrated before, during and after playAvoiding or modifying activities that cause pain

(Sports Medicine Australia 2010).

What are the symptoms?

Soft tissue injuries commonly cause pain, swelling and bruising. If you are concerned that you may have a severe injury or a fracture, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Some signs of a severe injury or fracture may include:

You are unable to put any weight on the injured structureThere is an unusual deformity or shape of the injured area or other siteYou heard a pop or a crack at the time of injuryAny surrounding bony structures are painfulThere is presence of neurological signs like numbness or pins and needles (either at the injury site or elsewhere)

(Mack, date unknown)

What is the treatment?

The initial treatment for soft tissue injuries falls under the ‘RICER’ acronym:

R: Reest to reduce further damage. Avoid as much movement as possible to limit further injury, and don’t put any weight on the injured part of the body.

I: Apply ice (or a cold pack) to the injury for 20 minutes every 2 hours during the first 48-72 hours after an injury. Place the cold pack wrapped in a towel onto the injured area, do not place the cold pack directly onto the skin. Take care for people sensitive to cold (such as children) or with circulatory problems.

C: Apply a compression bandage, and ensure it is not too tight.

E: Elevate the area to stop bleeding and swelling.

R: Referral to a medical practitioner for further assessment, precise diagnosis, ongoing care and treatment is vital.

(Elastoplast 2017).

The No HARM protocol should also be used!

H: No heat

A: No alcohol

R: No running or activity

M: No massage

This will help decrease bleeding and swelling in the injured area (Sports Medicine Australia 2010).

References

Mack P, date unknown, Soft Tissue Injuries: What are they & how can you best recover, The Physiotherapy Clinics, retrieved online 14/4/17, http://thephysiotherapyclinics.com/soft-tissue-injuries/

Elastoplast 2017, Strapping and Injuries – Injury Management and Prevention: R.I.C.E.R, Elastoplast, retrieved online 14/4/17, https://www.elastoplast.com.au/strapping-and-injuries/injury-management-and-prevention/ricer

Sports Medicine Australia 2010, Soft Tissue Injuries: A guide to prevention and management, Sports Medicine Australia, retrieved online 14/4/17, http://sma.org.au/resources-advice/injury-fact-sheets/soft-tissue-injuries/

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Travel Vaccinations: What’s The Fuss?

Sun, 28 May 2017 23:56:00 +0000

So you’ve booked an amazing holiday, paid for your flights, accommodation and adventures while overseas. Have you thought about vaccines you may need prior to leaving?

Who needs travel vaccinations?

If you are considering going overseas or have already booked a trip, you may need travel vaccines. It is important to find out what vaccines are specific to the country or region visiting and discuss with your GP about those you may have already had, and which vaccinations you may need.

It is important to consider vaccinations when heading overseas, as different regions around the world have different regulations on guidelines such as clean water and animal handling, which means you may be at risk of contracting different diseases compared to when you are at home.

Another important aspect to consider is entry requirements – some countries require proof of vaccination against specific diseases as a condition of entry (Aust Gov Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2017).

What vaccinations do I need?

The vaccine schedule can vary greatly for each country visited. You need to check the travel advice for the country you are travelling to, or the embassy or consulate of the countries you intend to visit or transit (Aust Gov Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2017), as well as discuss with your GP.

It is recommended that all travellers be up to date with the standard childhood vaccinations in Australia (polio, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella), and a booster for these may be required depending on your age. The annual influenza vaccine is also suggested for those travelling. Additional vaccinations on top of these vary depending on region, but may include typhoid, Hepatitis A & B, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, yellow fever or meningitis (Aust Gov Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2017),

How do I go about getting them?

Vaccinations for travel can range from cheap to expensive, and can often be a course of several injections on different days, rather than one dose. It is important to consider what vaccines you may need well in advance to allow time for the entire course of shots to be given.

If you are heading overseas and want to know more about what vaccines you need, book an appointment with one of our GPs for advice!

Disclaimer: The links provided are for information proposes only. We take no responsibility for the content of these websites.

References

Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, date unknown, Health checks and vaccinations, SmartTraveller, retrieved online 9/4/17, http://smartraveller.gov.au/guide/all-travellers/health/Pages/health-checks-and-vaccinations.aspx

http://www.traveldoctor.com.au/Page/Knowledge-Hub/Travel-Health-Fact-Sheets/Vaccines-before-travel

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Are You Getting Enough Iron?

Mon, 15 May 2017 14:18:00 +0000

Iron is an important part of our everyday diet. It helps to form haemoglobin, a component of your red bloods cells. Having not enough iron can lead to a condition called ‘anaemia’, where the body doesn’t produce enough red blood cells or oxygen carrying haemoglobin to nourish the tissues in the body.

Am I getting enough iron?

In developed countries, low iron levels are uncommon. Some causes of iron deficiency include:

Loss of blood, which can be due to:

Heavy menstrual losses or blood loss associated with an injury or operation Stomach or bowel (intestine) problems, including bleeding ulcers Stomach bleeding due to regular aspirin or NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) use Bleeding haemorrhoids

Increased needs for iron:

Pregnancy Premature babies Children and toddlers Athletes

Other causes:

Reduced iron absorption due to bowel disease such as Crohn’s or coeliac disease Low intake Other underlying conditions. This may require further testing as decided by your GP.

How do I know if I’m getting enough iron?

The common symptoms of low iron (iron deficiency anaemia) include:

Feeling breathless after little exercise Feeling tired Heart palpitations (the sensation of your heart beating abnormally fast or with an irregular rhythm) Looking pale

Other symptoms, which may not be as common include:

Tinnitus (ringing in your ears) Altered sense of taste Brittle nails or ‘spoon nails’ – this is where the middle of your nails are pushed inwards and the edges are raised Soreness at the edges of your mouth Poor concentration

It is important to note that these symptoms aren’t always due to iron-deficiency anaemia, but if they are present, it is a good idea to talk to your doctor.

How can I fix the problem?

If you think you might have iron deficiency or low iron, the first step is to talk to your GP. They can talk to you to try and determine the cause of the low iron and conduct tests to confirm the diagnosis.

If you are a little low on iron, you will be advised to increase iron containing foods in your diet. If the results show that you are very deficient in iron, you may be prescribed a course of iron supplements with a follow up blood test a few months later – it takes a while for blood haemoglobin levels to build up enough stores! Sometimes even an iron infusion can be prescribed.

How can I improve my diet to increase my iron?

On average, men need 8mg of iron a day and women need 18mg a day (Bupa, date unknown).

A diet including lean meat usually contains enough iron for most adults. Red meat and liver are rich sources of iron (however liver is not recommended for pregnant women due its high levels of vitamin A which can harm the developing baby). Other good sources of iron include:

Iron fortified cereals Tuna and other oily fish Pulses like red kidney beans, black beans, soybean and pinto beans Tofu Eggs Wholegrain breads Green vegetables such as spinach, kale and watercress Dried fruit such as raisins, apricots and peaches

It is important to note that a well-planned vegetarian diet shouldn’t trigger iron deficiency anaemia, especially if eggs, pulses, leafy vegetables and fortified cereals are consumed.

What next?

If you are concerned that you may be low in iron, or you are not consuming enough iron in your diet (such as in a vegan diet, or a diet restricted by allergies or intolerance), book an appointment with one of our GPs to discuss further testing and dietary measures.

References

Bupa, date unknown, Iron-Deficiency Anaemia, retrieved online 25/4/17, < http://www.bupa.com.au/health-and-wellness/health-information/az-health-information/Iron-deficiency-anaemia >

Harvard Medical School 2015, A healthy diet is the key to getting the iron you need, Harvard Health Publications, retrieved online 25/4/17, < http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/healthy-diet-key-getting-iron-need-201502127710 >

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Recognising an Allergic Reaction to Food in Children

Mon, 01 May 2017 01:30:00 +0000

Children can be allergic to a number of things, including food, insect bites/stings, dust mites, and pollen. Food allergies are incredibly common, occurring in 1 out of every 20 children.

Early identification of food allergies, and knowing what foods to avoid, can help to improve your child’s quality of life. It also reduces the risk of a potential life-threatening allergic reaction.

What is a food allergy? What are the symptoms?

A food allergy occurs when the body’s immune system reacts abnormally to a food which is usually harmless to others. Symptoms occur almost immediately after consuming the food. This is something which can develop at any age, but most commonly appears in children under the age of 5. It’s important to note that most reactions are not severe, luckily!

Common symptoms of a mild-moderate reaction include:

Skin rash or hivesSwelling of the face, lips and/or eyesDiarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction and a medical emergency, with the development of life-threatening symptoms. These including:

Difficult or noisy breathingSwelling of the tongue and/or throatDifficulty talking and/or a hoarse voiceWheeze and/or persistent coughDizziness or collapseBecoming pale and floppy (young children)

If you notice your child having any of the above signs or symptoms, seek medical attention.

What’s the difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance?

A food intolerance occurs when the body has a chemical reaction to eating a particular food or drink – it is different to an allergy, in that it is not actually controlled by the immune system. The confusing part is that the symptoms may be similar to mild-moderate food allergy, but they never cause a severe reaction or anaphylaxis. The reaction also usually occurs some time after the food is ingested, rather than immediately.

What types of foods cause allergic reactions?

The most common foods associated with food allergies are:

PeanutsTreenuts (eg. almonds, cashews)SeafoodShellfishEggCows milkWheatSoy

However, any food has the potential to cause a reaction!

Do children grow out of food allergies?

Thankfully, a lot of children do grow out of their food allergies. This is especially true for milk, egg, wheat and soy allergies – most children outgrow these by the time they are 5 years old. However, nut, fish, shellfish and sesame allergies often continue into adulthood.

What should I do if I think my child has a food allergy?

If you would like some more information on food allergies, please visit the ASCIA website: https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/food-allergy.

If your child develops any of the symptoms mentioned above and you think they may be related to some food they’ve eaten (for example: if a new food has just been introduced, or they’ve had a similar reaction to the same food before), please seek medical advice. You can come in to see one of our friendly GPs, who will be able to assess whether your child might have a food allergy, or if something else is causing their symptoms. Please contact us on (08) 8417 7700 to book an appointment.

If your child is severely unwell, and may be having an anaphylactic reaction, please call 000 or bring them into an Emergency Department for immediate medical treatment.

References

Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) 2016, ‘Food Allergy,’ https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/food-allergy/food-allergyBetter Health Channel 2016, ‘Food allergy and intolerance,’ , https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/food-allergy-and-intoleranceRaising Children Network Australia 2016, ‘Food allergies and food intolerances: symptoms and management,’ , http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/recognising_allergies.html

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Flu Vaccine: Should I Get One?

Mon, 17 Apr 2017 07:02:00 +0000

With flu season just around the corner, you may hear many people talking about getting a flu vaccine. If you haven’t had the vaccine before, or are unsure the possibilities/issues, read on to find out more!

What is the flu?

The ‘flu’ is a virus known as influenza. It is commonly caused by a group of viruses called orthomyxoviridae and can be spread by coughing, sneezing, and touching surfaces with secretions or droplets on them (FluSmart 2017).

The flu is easy to catch and hard to avoid.

The flu causes an illness that is more severe than the common cold, with fevers, muscles aches, coughing, poor appetite, runny nose and sore throat lasting about a week. The symptoms of the flu tend to develop abruptly, 1-3 days after infection. In severe cases, complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia can develop which can result in hospitalization or even death. The flu can worsen existing medical conditions (Aust Gov Department of Health 2017).

Who should get the flu shot?

The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone from six months of age, but is available free under the National Immunisation Program (Aust Gov Department of Health 2017) for people who face a high risk from influenza and its complications. These are:

People aged 65 years and overAboriginal and Torres Strait people aged six months to less than five yearsAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who are aged 15 years and overPregnant womenPeople aged six months and over with medical conditions such as severe asthma, lung or heart disease, low immunity or diabetes that can lead to complications from influenza.

Remember, even if you are fit and well there is still a chance of contracting the flu and a risk of passing on the virus to someone who may develop severe complications from the vaccine.

If you are in contact with people at a high risk of complications from the flu (children, older adults), the flu shot is highly recommended.

I had the flu vaccine last year, do I need it again?

The flu is a virus and it is constantly changing, with new strains affecting us each year. The flu vaccine also changes each year, so your best chance of protection is an annual flu shot to reduce your risk of contracting the flu (Aust Gov Department of Health 2017).

Is the flu vaccine safe?

As per the Australian Government Department of Health Immunise Australia website, all vaccines currently available are safe to use in Australia and undergo stringent safety testing before approval for use (Aust Gov Department of Health 2017).

I’m pregnant, should I have the flu vaccine?

Getting the flu vaccine during pregnancy can actually help to protect infants during the first 6 months of life when they are vulnerable to influenza but are too young to be vaccinated themselves (Aust Gov Department of Health 2017) which is why many people choose to get the vaccine to protect themselves and their little ones.

What next?

Talk to your GP about the flu vaccine and any questions you may have including eligibility for a free vaccine.

You can contact us on 8417 7700 to book an appointment.

References

Australian Government Department of Health 2017, Influenza (Flu), Immunise Australia Program, retrieved online 9/4/17, http://www.immunise.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/immunise-influenza#adultFluSmart 2017, Get Flu Facts, FluSmart, retrieved online 9/4/17, http://www.flusmart.org.au/article/flu-facts/FluSmart 2017, Who’s at risk, FluSmart, retrieved online 9/4/17, http://www.flusmart.org.au/article/148-2/

Medical information disclaimer: No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such. No warranties: The medical information on our website is provided without any representations or warranties, express or implied. Without limiting the scope above, we do not warrant or represent that the medical information on this website: will be constantly available, or available at all; or is true, accurate, complete, current or non-misleading. Medical assistance: You must not rely on the information on our website as an alternative to medical advice from your doctor or other professional healthcare provider. If you have any specific questions about any medical matter, you should consult your doctor or other professional healthcare provider. If you think you may be suffering from any medical condition, you should seek immediate medical attention. You should never delay seeking medical advice, disregard medical advice or discontinue medical treatment because of information on our website.Interactive features: Our website includes interactive features that allow users to communicate with us. You acknowledge that, because of the limited nature of communication through our website's interactive features, any assistance you may receive using any such features is likely to be incomplete and may even be misleading. Any assistance you may receive using any our website's interactive features does not constitute specific advice and accordingly should not be relied upon without further independent confirmation. Limits upon exclusions of liability: Nothing in this disclaimer will: limit or exclude any liability for death or personal injury resulting from negligence; limit or exclude any liability for fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation; limit any liabilities in any way that is not permitted under applicable law; or exclude any liabilities that may not be excluded under applicable law. Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Port Rd Closure (13/4/17-18/4/17)

Tue, 04 Apr 2017 10:52:56 +0000

Port Road will be closed between South Road and Coglin Street between the following times:Thursday 13th April 2017 from 7.00pm until Tuesday 18th April 2017 at 6.00am.Entry to the clinic will be from Orsmond Street only.You can access Orsmond Street with the following directions: West from South Road on to Orsmond Street North from South Road on to Orsmond Street South from Manton Street, George Street then Orsmond Street East travelling down Port Road to George Street, then Orsmond Street.

My Child Has So Much Energy... Could They Have ADHD?

Mon, 06 Mar 2017 11:40:00 +0000

Every child is different. A lot of young kids are fully of energy and have short attention spans, so being full of energy is often a normal part of childhood!

However, hyperactivity and inattention can also be signs of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

If you have noticed that your child is significantly more hyperactive than other children his or her age, you might have questioned if they have ADHD.

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a developmental problem, which results in poor concentration and control of impulses. It can affect a child’s learning and social skills, and how they interact with their families and with peers and teachers at school.

It is usually first diagnosed in childhood, and often continues into adulthood.

Different children do behave differently, within a normal spectrum. But when a child’s behaviour starts to interfere in the classroom, with homework, and/or with friendships and relationships, this is when we start to worry about it.

If we look at the statistics, about 3-5 children out of every 100 Australian children have ADHD, and it tends to be more common in boys than girls.

What are some other signs that my child may have ADHD?

Signs of ADHD may include:

- Inattention. They may be forgetful, or have trouble following instructions and organising tasks.

- Impulsivity. They may frequently interrupt conversations, speak out of turn or talk over others.

- Overactivity. They may be impatient, fidgety and restless.

While some children with ADHD are quite hyperactive, others are not necessarily hyperactive. They can display mainly inattentive features, and appear inactive and unmotivated.

These problems usually occur over a long period of time, and in both the home and at school environment. This can affect their schoolwork, and also cause negative interactions with others.

What causes ADHD?

The exact cause of ADHD is still being researched - but current evidence suggests that genetics play an important role.

Research has busted several myths – showing that things like eating too much sugar, watching too much TV or family turmoil do not cause ADHD, which are common misconceptions.

What’s next?

If you are concerned about your child’s behaviour, we encourage you to see a GP. They can arrange a time to talk to you and discuss your concerns properly. They can assess to see if your child’s behaviour is abnormal and take it from there.

It is important to remember that with the right treatment and care, a diagnosis of ADHD can be managed well and kids can live very happy lives.

Please feel free to come in and see one of our friendly GPs if you have any concerns. Please contact us on 8417 7700 to book an appointment.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2016, ‘Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),’ , https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html

Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, ‘ADHD – an overview,’ , http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/ADHD_an_overview/

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

The End of an Era: The New Pap Smear Program

Sun, 19 Feb 2017 22:15:00 +0000

The Pap smear, which detects pre-cancerous cellular changes in the cervix, has been the mainstay of the National Cervical Screening Program since it was first implemented in 1991. It has It has halved the incidence of and death due to cervical cancer in Australia, by allowing early treatment and/or prevention of cancer, which has been a huge success for Australian women’s health.

The current program involves a Pap smear every 2 years for women aged 18 to 69.

From 1 December 2017, the National Cervical Screening Program will change. The new screening program will involve a human papillomavirus (HPV) test every 5 years for women aged 25-74.

How does the new program work?

The new test detects HPV infection. Without treatment, persistent HPV infections can lead to abnormal cell changes, which may lead to the development of cervical cancer.

The procedure for collecting a sample for testing is the same as the procedure for having a Pap smear – a health professional takes a small sample of cells from the cervix. However, while the current Pap test detects any abnormal cell changes, the new test detects any HPV infection that could LEAD to abnormal cell changes.

Why is the screening test changing?

Since the Pap smear was first implemented, we have found new evidence and developed better technology. The program has been changed in order to improve early detection, further reduce cervical cancer rates, and save more lives.

What should I do until the new program begins?

Until December, it is important that women aged 18-69 years who have ever been sexually active continue to participate in the current screening program, and have a Pap smear when due, to ensure they are not at risk of developing cervical cancer.

Women will be due for their first Cervical Screening Test under the new program 2 years after their last Pap smear.

Do I need to be screened if I am vaccinated?

Yes. HPV vaccinated women still require cervical screening as the HPV vaccine does not protect against all the types of HPV that can cause cervical cancer.

What next?

If you would like more information on cervical cancer screening, please visit the Department of Health’s National Cervical Screening Program website: http://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/Content/cervical-screening-1

Out GPs are also available if you have any questions, or need a Pap smear done. Please call us on 8417 7700 to book an appointment.

If you have any symptoms such as unusual vaginal bleeding, discharge or pain, we encourage you to see a health care professional immediately.

References

National Cervical Screening Program 2017, ‘Future changes to cervical screening,’ , http://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/content/future-changes-cervical

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Top Health Tips this Summer Holiday Season!

Fri, 30 Dec 2016 11:55:00 +0000

Summer has finally approached! With temperatures set to soar, it is important to keep comfortable in the hot weather and protect yourself from heat-related illness by taking some simple precautions.

TIPS TO BEAT THE HEAT

Keep hydrated

Drink lots of water. Make sure you are carrying water with you when you are out and about.Avoid alcohol, caffeine and tea. These can cause or worsen dehydration.

Keep cool

Stay indoors when you can. If going out, consider going to cool public places such as the cinema or the library.Use fans or air conditioners at home.Eat cold, fresh food, such as salads and fruit.Wear light clothing.Take cool showers or baths to help cool you down.

Reduce physical activity

Avoid unnecessary physical activity, especially during the hottest parts of the day (usually between 12 and 3pm).However, don’t give up exercise altogether. If you usually exercise outdoors, opt for instead.

Protect yourself from the sun

Stay out of direct sun. when outside.When outside, .Wear sunscreen. SPF 15 should be used at a minimum, but the higher the SPF, the better. Remember to re-apply every 2 hours.

Rest

Make sure you , and rest if you feel tired.

CHECK ON OTHERS

It is important to be alert and make sure to check on family members, friends and neighbours who are more vulnerable to heat and may need help coping with it – particularly children, the elderly, and people with medical conditions. Don’t forgot your pets at home too!

Never leave children or pets in an unattended car. Temperatures inside a car can rise to dangerous levels within a few minutes.

WATCH OUT FOR HEAT-RELATED STRESS

Heat-related stress occurs when someone is exposed to a hot environment which overwhelms their body’s ability to maintain a normal temperature. The risk is very high on days with a temperature over 28 degrees, and even higher during a heatwave. If not managed straight away, it can lead to heat stroke, which can be life threatening.

Heat can affect some people more than others. People at higher risk include:

Children and babiesPregnant womenThe elderly and frailPeople who are unwell or who have disabilities

Early symptoms of heat-related illness include:

Feeling faintNausea and vomiting

If you or someone you know is unwell, seek medical assistance right away. Our friendly doctors are available for appointments – our phone number is 8417 7700.

If there is a medical emergency – for example, if someone becomes unresponsive, confused or disorientated in the heat – call 000 immediately.

References

ACT Health 2016, ‘Avoiding heat related stress,’ ACT Health, http://www.health.act.gov.au/datapublications/fact-sheets/emergencies-and-extreme-weatherACT Health 2016, ‘Tips to Beat the Heat!,’ ACT Health, http://www.health.act.gov.au/healthy-living/summer-safety/tips-beat-heatACT Health 2016, ‘Your Guide to Summer Safety,’ ACT Health, http://www.health.act.gov.au/healthy-living/summer-safetyBetter Health Channel 2015 ‘Heat stress and heat-related illness,’ Victoria State Government,https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/heat-stress-and-heat-related-illness

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Dangerous Toys to Avoid this Christmas

Fri, 16 Dec 2016 00:34:16 +0000

There’s no doubt about it – children love toys. Gift giving is a part of most families’ Christmas tradition. But with this comes toy shopping, and caution is required when shopping for toys for young children.

How can toys cause harm?

Risks that toys can impose on children include:

Choking risk. Small parts may be easily swallowed, which may get lodged in the child’s windpipe and cause them to choke. Infants and young toddlers are particularly at risk of choking as their gag reflex is not fully developed. For example: wheels, bells or lights may break off the toy and become a choking hazard.

Strangulation risk. Children may be strangled by strings, ribbons and elastics longer than 22cm.

Cuts and wounds. May be caused by toys with sharp edges or points.

Facial and eye injuries. Can be caused by sharp flying objects, such as darts or arrows. In severe cases, blindness may result.

Internal damage. May result if batteries or small magnets are swallowed. Chemicals may leak from the batteries and into the bloodstream, and burns may also occur. Products containing lead or other chemicals may also cause harm.

How are my children protected from unsafe toys?

There are a number of laws, penalties and safety standards in place in Australia to protect children from harm and prevent unsafe toys from being produced by businesses. There are also education programs that help small traders to understand the laws.

How can I avoid buying potentially dangerous toys?

Unfortunately, many toys still fail the basic safety tests, so it is important to be vigilant when shopping for toys.

Before you buy something, ask yourself:

Is this product well made? Toys that are poorly made are more likely to have small parts break away which may become a choking hazard for small children.

Is this toy too small, or does it have removable parts/parts that are likely to break off? Again, they may create a choking hazard. Generally, anything less than 31mm in diameter and 57mm in length has the potential to be swallowed and get stuck in a child’s windpipe.

Does this toy have small magnets? If swallowed, they can cause serious internal damage.

Does this have long string? These have the potential to be wrapped around a child’s neck and create a strangulation hazard.

Are the batteries easily accessible? Make sure they have secure battery-compartments – for example, secured by screws. Batteries and battery fluid may cause choking if swallowed, and may also cause internal bleeding and chemical burns.

If you answer yes to any of these, we strongly recommend that you consider whether it is safe for your child.

For more information on product safety, please visit the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission’s ‘Product Safety Australia’ website: https://www.productsafety.gov.au.

And unfortunately, sometimes accidents can still happen. If something happens to your child over the holidays and you are worried about them, come in to see one of our friendly doctors – our phone number is 8340 2233 and we have great opening hours over the Christmas period.

References

Product Safety Australia, ‘Toys’, Australian Competition & Consumer Commission, https://www.productsafety.gov.au/products/babies-kids/toysBarnes, C 2016, ‘Avoid dangerous toys this Christmas,’ Choice,https://www.choice.com.au/babies-and-kids/children-and-safety/toys-and-safety-at-play/articles/how-to-avoid-dangerous-toys-at-christmas-2016

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

How Many Calories Should I Be Eating?

Tue, 29 Nov 2016 03:05:39 +0000

It’s hard to know exactly what number of calories that you should be eating to achieve the right balance. This is something that will change from person to person and there is no “one size fits all” approach. But do not despair… there is help available!

Calories are a unit which measures energy. One calorie is equal to the amount of energy that is required to increase the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree Celsius. But eating the right number of calories isn’t enough, the best approach is to eat a combination of all the recommended foods and also incorporate this in with a healthy level of exercise.

The number of calories you need to consume changes depending on your age, gender, height, weight and physical activity level, as well as multiple other factors. For example, if a person needs to lose weight to reach a healthy range, then the caloric intake would change.

The tables below refer to men that are 5 feet 10 inches with a weight of 154 pounds, and for women who are 5 feet 4 inches and with a weight of 126 pounds. Note that the references for the children and adolescent groups are varied.

First, establish what your level of activity is: sedentary, moderately active, or active. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines them as follows:

“Sedentary means a lifestyle that includes only the physical activity of independent living. Moderately Active means a lifestyle that includes physical activity equivalent to walking about 1.5 to 3 miles per day at 3 to 4 miles per hour, in addition to the activities of independent living. Active means a lifestyle that includes physical activity equivalent to walking more than 3 miles per day at 3 to 4 miles per hour, in addition to the activities of independent living."

Second, refer to the chart for your gender, and then select the row with your age, and then the column with your activity level. That will provide you with an estimate of the appropriate number of calories that you should be eating.

References:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 8th Edition, December 2015. Available at: http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

What Are the Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance?

Fri, 11 Nov 2016 01:02:19 +0000

Lactose is the main form of sugar that is found in milk, cheese and it is common in other dairy products. Lactose intolerance occurs when your body finds it hard to properly digest milk and other dairy products.

What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?

The symptoms occur only after eating food with dairy in it. Symptoms that people commonly experience are:

Bloating (your belly feels swollen and full of air)Cramping around the belly button or belowGastDiarrhoea that is often foamy and wateryVomiting (less common in adults, mostly affects adolescents)

How does lactose intolerance work?

In people who do not have an intolerance to lactose, their bodies make enough of an enzyme called lactase. This is basically just a protein that digests lactose.

People who have lactose intolerance have a problem where their bodies either don’t make enough of this enzyme, or the enzyme doesn’t work as effectively as it is supposed to! This causes lactose to be left in the gut, undigested and leads to the symptoms of lactose intolerance.

How do I know if I have lactose intolerance?

There are two ways to be able to check for lactose intolerance. One of which is a breath test, which involves drinking some fluid that has lactose in it and then breathing out into a special device. You need to breathe out into it every half hour, and the device can pick up how much hydrogen is in there. When people are affected by lactose intolerance, they usually breathe out more hydrogen.

The other test is a blood test. The way this works is by having a drink of something that has lactose, and then your medical provider takes some blood at the start, and then 1 hour later and then 2 hours after the start of the test.

What is the treatment for lactose intolerance?

When people have been diagnosed with lactose intolerance, the way the doctor chooses to treat them can change depending on how badly intolerant they are.

Common recommendations include:

Cutting down on foods that have dairy in them such as milk, yogurt and cheesesReplacing the important vitamins and other nutrients that you are no longer getting (e.g. calcium and protein) from other foods (see our other article about calcium intake to learn more about this)Or buying that missing enzyme in a tablet, to help break down the lactose, which can be bought over the counter at most chemists.

If you are worried that lactose intolerance might be affecting you, come speak to one of our friendly doctors about it!

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Tired, Weight Changes & Joint Pain... Is It Lupus?

Mon, 17 Oct 2016 11:07:23 +0000

Lupus, or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect many organs of the body. It is an autoimmune problem, so the body attacks its own cells because it thinks that they are foreign. This means that it attacks its own tissues and this can eventually cause pain and swelling of different organs.

What are the first signs of lupus?

Sometimes people with lupus would first go to their doctor because they have symptoms affecting their whole body, which can include fatigue and weight changes. In addition to this, people with lupus can sometimes notice that they get a skin rash after they go out into the sun, or that they are getting bruises more easily. Fatigue is one of the more common things that people experience with lupus, but it can also be caused by lots of other different things such as being depressed, not enough exercise, stress, trouble sleeping or anaemia.

What other symptoms can happen with lupus?

The symptoms that happen in lupus occur because of inflammation that can affect lots of different parts of the body.

Weight changes: Patients can have unintentional weight loss because of a smaller appetite or it can be because the disease is affecting their digestive system.

Fever: Fever can also occur, when body temperature is higher than 37.8 degrees Celsius.

Joint pain and stiffness: Also, joint pain and stiffness are very common feature and often occurs early in the disease, where there is pain in only a few joints at a time and it is different on both sides. Commonly this joint pain tends to include fingers, wrists and the knees.

Rashes and hair loss: A number of skin changes are possible in lupus. After exposure to sun, rashes can occur, such as the "butterfly rash" which is redness on the cheeks. Another type of rash is the discoid rash which can cause scarring, or there is also the possibility of mouth ulcers and hair loss.

Kidney inflammation: The kidneys can have problems with filtering properly because there can be damage to their filtering system from the inflammation, and they can lose protein into the urine. If the damage is really bad, it can cause scarring and in some cases, patients need dialysis and kidney transplants.

Breathing pain: Pain during breathing and shortness of breath can occur due to issues with the lungs.

Heart trouble: This can occur in a number of different ways, people with lupus can have chest pain with exercise and blocked arteries that can lead to heart attacks. They can also have inflammation of one of the layers around the heart, which can cause chest pain, or they can also have leaky or narrowed valves in the heart because of damage to the inside layer of the heart.

Nervous system: A large number of changes can occur to the nervous system such as trouble concentrating and difficulty thinking clearly, memory loss, headaches, anxiety, depression, weakness, numbness, damage to the nerves in the hands and feet and several other symptoms.

Eyes: A sensation of dryness in the eyes can be a problem from people with lupus.

What happens if you think you have lupus?

If you are experiencing the symptoms of lupus, seek medical advice to discuss your concerns further. Feel free to book an appointment with one of our friendly doctors at the Hindmarsh Medical Clinic.

References

1. Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:1725.

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Sleeping Giant

Tue, 04 Oct 2016 08:22:05 +0000

Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (otherwise known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) is a condition which leads to unexplained, ongoing fatigue that can sometimes be disabling. A large number of people have a limited understanding into this condition, and the treatment options are few in number. This can be quite frustrating for patients who suffer from this chronic condition, as it can have a significant effect on their quality of life.

What are the symptoms?

Often there will be a sudden onset of fatigue, which has been noted to occur after infections such as those affecting your respiratory system, or an infection such as glandular fever (mononucleosis)The patient experiences overwhelming fatigue and a number of other symptomsDoing physical activity exacerbates the symptomsThe patient usually was quite well previously, and able to function at a high capacity, having no previous excessive worry about diseases. These patients also did not previously have numerous physical symptoms, for example headaches and back aches which go on for years.Other symptoms that can be noticed are: feeling more fatigued after completing exercise, trouble with concentration or memory, issues sleeping, feeling dizzy upon standing up.

What causes Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

There are a number of things which we have previously thought to be related to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Potential causes have included infection with Epstein Barr Virus, Lyme disease, total allergy syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome and others. Unfortunately, so far there has been no evidence to suggest that these are causes – so at the present time, there is no evidence for a specific cause.

Who is at risk?

Like most diseases, there are some risk factors which put certain people at higher risk of developing a disease than the general population. For Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, it is often seen diagnosed more commonly in middle aged adults than in kids or the elderly, and the frequency of diagnosis tends to be about two times higher in women than men.

But is it a real disease?

Because Chronic Fatigue Syndrome presents in a way that it affects the whole body, and there is no one clear cause, it makes it difficult for people to cope with sometimes as patients and for their loved ones. For example, others can be suspicious that the physical fatigue is made up, which can make patients suffering from this condition feel quite frustrated and upset, which unfortunately can lead to depression. However, sufferers of this disease do experience quite real physical symptoms, however at this stage the cause is just not fully elucidated.

How is it diagnosed? The diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is usually based on an assessment conducted by a qualified medical practitioner, including taking a medical history and physical examination. In some cases, it is necessary to run tests such as blood or urine tests to rule out other conditions, but at this time there is no blood test that will show prove a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome.

How is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Treated?

Treatment of this disease is aimed at reducing the burden of symptoms and helping patients to cope. Treatments such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Graded Exercise are currently seen to be the best treatments. Even though exercise can make the fatigue worse, completely avoiding altogether can actually be worse. So it is recommended to exercise starting small and building up, which can be a process that an experienced trainer can help with. Also, a number of patients who are affected by CFS have some degree of depression, and by seeking treatment for depression it can help them to cope with their chronic fatigue. And lastly, it can be important to develop a good professional relationship with a health care provider in the process of treatment helping to successfully facilitate multiple different aspects of management.

References

Whiting P, Bagnall AM, Sowden AJ, et al. Interventions for the treatment and management of chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review. JAMA 2001; 286:1360.Straus SE. Pharmacotherapy of chronic fatigue syndrome: another gallant attempt. JAMA 2004; 292:1234.Prins JB, van der Meer JW, Bleijenberg G. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet 2006; 367:346.Wessely S. Chronic fatigue: symptom and syndrome. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:838.Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an illness. Report Brief, February 2015.

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

'Fast' Facts About Strokes

Tue, 13 Sep 2016 09:04:41 +0000

Many people don’t know quite how serious strokes are, or even how they work.

Strokes are one of the largest causes of death in Australia anda leading cause of disability, affecting one person every 10 minutes. According to the Australian Institute for Health and Wellness, strokes actually kill more women than breast cancer and more men than prostate cancer.

Strokes happen when the blood supply to the brain is cut off, which can be due to an ischaemic stroke (blocked artery) or a haemorrhagic stroke (bleed in the brain). If the brain is starved of oxygen and nutrients from its blood supply, the brain cells die.

How do I know if someone is having a stroke?

The 'FAST' test is a simple way to identify a potential stroke and learn some of the signs of a stroke. This is a technique recommended by the Stroke Foundation (find more information here: strokefoundation.com.au/About-Stroke).

FACE: Check their face. Has their mouth drooped?ARM: Can they lift both arms?SPEECH: Is their speech slurred? Do they understand you?TIME: Time is critical. If you see any of these signs, call 000 straight away.

Is there anything I can do to prevent having a stroke?

Smoking, lack of exercise, being overweight and eating poorly are all factors that increase the risk of having a stroke. Other factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol can affect the circulation of blood thus also increase the risk.

It is recommended by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners that if you are feeling worried about cardiovascular disease (including having a stroke) then you should speak to your doctor or specialist about the risks compared to the benefits of doing some tests for you.

References

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012. Australia’s Health 2012.

Deloitte Access Economics – Stroke in Australia: No postcode untouched, 2014.

Stroke Foundation, About Stroke, 2016.

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

Scientifically Proven Diets for Weight Loss

Tue, 23 Aug 2016 07:59:14 +0000

What's the Medical Research Say?

Weight loss is not easy. Many people try several different diets and regimes, but struggle to see results. So what does medical research show on the effectiveness of different diets? We look at recent studies conducted in the last 2 years.

Our first study (1), looked at a group of over 7,000 people to assess the effectiveness of different diets on weight loss. The results are simpler than you think. Different dietary plans, such as low carbohydrate or low fat diets, were compared to a well-balanced diet. The successful diets simply had less calories than the amount of energy the person used up. This resulted in a loss of 6-8kg over a 6-month period, no matter what diet plan was used.

What's the Moral of the Story?

The difference in weight loss between all of these diets is very small. Your main goal should be to simply choose a diet plan with less calories than you use and stick to it. A study conducted in 2016 (2), placed patients on a ‘Mediterranean diet’ and found that the duration of time you maintain your diet, correlated with greater amounts of weight loss.

What Do I Eat?

So how do I lose weight? Pick a diet that you actually like. (Within reason of course!) Medical research shows that this may help with long term adherence. It is still important to include low amounts of refined carbohydrates (e.g. white bread), processed meats, and foods high in salt and bad fats. Try to incorporate foods such as vegetables, lean meats, whole grains, nuts and fruits. If you need help with dietary advice or want to know more about how to safely lose weight, speak to your health professional today!

References

Johnston BC, Kanters S, Bandayrel K, et al. Comparison of weight loss among named diet programs in overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2014; 312:923.Mancini JG, Filion KB, Atallah R, Eisenberg MJ. Systematic Review of the Mediterranean Diet for Long-Term Weight Loss. Am J Med 2016; 129:407.

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

How to Maintain Strong Bones

Mon, 01 Aug 2016 11:38:02 +0000

Having strong bones is something that many people take for granted. Unfortunately, if you do not take care of your bones, you are at higher risk of having weak and brittle bones later on. Bones can become fragile when they lose their ‘bone density.’ Preventing bone loss is much easier than fixing it once your bones are already weak. Here are some steps in maintaining good bone health.

Nutrition

Good nutrition for strong bones starts with a good diet. It is important to make sure that you have your recommended daily intake of calcium and vitamin D. Most healthy, growing kids don’t need supplements if they have a good diet. Sources of calcium include low-fat dairy products, dark green leafy vegetables and calcium fortified foods. The recommended daily intake of calcium according to the Institute of Medicine is 1000 (mg) milligrams per day for men and women less than 50 years of age. Women and men over 50 years of age should increase their calcium intake to 1200mg daily. Vitamin D is also important as it helps with the absorption of calcium. Good sources of vitamin D include controlled sun exposure, saltwater fish, egg yolk and liver.

Physical Activity

Maintaining good physical activity is important for having good bone health. High impact exercises such as weight lifting are particularly beneficial in maintaining strong bones. Incorporating 30 minutes of weight bearing exercises on most days of the week can help keep your bones strong.

Smoking & Alcohol

Another good reason to quit smoking – for the sake of your bones! People who smoke are at higher risk of having “brittle” bones. When bones are brittle, they are more prone to breaking – ouch! Also, stay away from excessive amounts of alcohol, which (as you have probably guessed) is better to avoid for optimal bone health.

References

http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/bone/Osteoporosis

Medical information disclaimer:

No advice: Our website contains general medical information. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.

Credit:This document was created using a template from SEQ Legal (http://www.seqlegal.com).

New Clinic Website

Thu, 28 Jul 2016 11:46:00 +0000

We are very excited to present to you our brand new website by the team at Lightbulb Creative Marketing!

Our new website has a range of new features including:

- Mobile friendly interface

- New images of our 2 clinics

- Google Maps Integration

- Personalised doctor profiles

- Further information on the range of services we provide

We hope you enjoy our new website!

We Are Now on Facebook!

Wed, 01 Jun 2016 11:49:00 +0000

We are proud to present Hindmarsh's new Facebook Page.

Our Facebook page gives you the opportunity to stay updated with clinic changes, medical news, blog posts and medical news.

Click here to check it out: https://www.facebook.com/hindmarshmedical or click our Facebook button below!